No one wants to pay any more in taxes than they have to, and Judge Learned Hand is famous for stating that, “Anyone may arrange his affairs so that his taxes shall be as low as possible.” Which, in practice, usually entails engaging in tax strategies that minimize (or at least defer) taxes as long as possible. Except the caveat is that when it comes to tax deferral, there really is such thing as being “too good” at doing so, given the progressive nature of income tax brackets (with higher tax rates on higher income levels). For instance, the tax-deferred retirement account that grows so large that, when Required Minimum Distributions begin, the retiree is thrust into a tax bracket higher than he/she ever faced during the accumulation years (or earlier retirement years) in the first place.
Accordingly, the reality is that sometimes the best way to arrange affairs to minimize taxes is actually not to defer them, and instead accelerate the income. With the caveat that if too much income is accelerated, the individual may simply drive themselves into higher tax brackets today, finishing with less wealth than they would have if they simply relied on good old-fashioned tax deferral instead!
Thus, the optimal balancing point really is a balancing point between the two – seeking out an equilibrium rate that accelerates enough income to fill up lower tax brackets today, but still defers enough income to fill up the tax brackets in the future as well. Or what are actually two tax rate equilibria – one for ordinary income (and its 7 tax brackets), and a second for long-term capital gains and qualified dividends (which have their own 4 tax brackets, and stack their income on top of ordinary income).
And while it can be difficult to know for certain what future tax rates will be, the very nature of doing financial planning (and especially retirement projections) is to determine the current trajectory of wealth… which means with some relatively simple and straightforward assumptions about future Social Security and pension payments, RMD calculations, and anticipated interest, dividends, and capital gains, it really is feasible to make a reasonable approximation of an individual’s future tax rates to determine where the ideal equilibrium will be. And then engage in strategies from accelerated retirement account liquidations, to partial Roth conversions, and capital gains harvesting, as necessary to ensure that any currently-lower tax brackets are filled up to reach the equilibrium point.
Ultimately, the ideal tax bracket to fill up will vary by the individual and their overall wealth and circumstances, with many retirees (even millionaires) able to remain in the 12% ordinary income bracket (and 0% capital gains rates) with proactive planning, while more affluent retirees may aim for the 22% or 24% brackets and the 15% capital gains rate, and the wealthiest households may seek out any tax rate equilibrium that is not the top tax bracket (as anything lower than the top bracket is a relative improvement!).
The fundamental point, though, is simply to understand that the best way to plan around taxes in retirement is not to defer too much income, nor too little, but to seek out and find the equilibrium rate that balances them out!
source https://www.kitces.com/blog/tax-rate-equilibrium-for-retirement-taxable-income-liquidations-roth-conversions/
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